Top 10 Best Small Bluetooth Speaker That Will Blow You Away

Small Bluetooth speakers offer the perfect blend of portability and sound quality, but finding one that delivers clear audio without being bulky can be challenging. The best small Bluetooth speaker can fit easily in your hand or bag, making it ideal for outdoor trips, workspaces, or casual listening at home.

It often balances battery life, durability, and connectivity, allowing for a seamless music experience wherever you are. In this review, we will explore key features like sound performance, battery duration, and design.

You’ll also learn how different models compare, helping you choose the right small Bluetooth speaker for your needs. Whether you want a compact device for travel or a simple speaker for daily use, this guide will provide clear insights.

Top Picks for Compact Sound Devices That Pack a Punch

Image	Product	Price
Top Pick 1	Anker soundcore 2 Portable Bluetooth Speaker, 24-Hour Playtime, IPX7	Check Price
Top Pick 2	Sony SRS-XB100 Wireless Bluetooth Portable Lightweight Speaker, Black	Check Price
Top Pick 3	JBL Go 4 – Ultra-Portable, Waterproof and Dustproof Bluetooth Speaker, Big JBL	Check Price

1. Anker soundcore 2 Portable Bluetooth Speaker, 24-Hour Playtime, IPX7

Experience vibrant sound anywhere with the Anker Soundcore 2 Portable Bluetooth Speaker. This compact device delivers exceptional audio performance while withstanding water exposure thanks to its waterproof design.

Ideal for outdoor activities or simply enjoying music at home, it blends portability and durability seamlessly.

Long-lasting playtime ensures entertainment throughout the day without interruption. The sleek, modern design comes with straightforward controls, making it a reliable companion for daily use. Enjoy rich bass and clear sound wherever life takes you with this durable speaker.

Designed to provide powerful audio in a compact package, the Soundcore 2 boasts 12W output through dual neodymium drivers. Its BassUp technology enhances low frequencies for deeper and more impactful bass.

The IPX7 waterproof rating means it resists splashes, rain, and accidental drops into water.

The built-in 5,200mAh battery supports up to 24 hours of continuous playback. An advanced digital signal processor maintains sound clarity at any volume level, making it perfect for various environments like camping, beach parties, or office use.

Its lightweight plastic enclosure strikes a balance between durability and portability. Controls are intuitive with push buttons, ensuring easy operation without complicated menus.

The speaker not only excels in audio but can also charge your smartphone, adding multifunctional value. This model suits users seeking a dependable, rugged speaker with outstanding audio quality and extended battery life.

Pros

• Waterproof design with IPX7 rating for outdoor durability
• 24-hour battery life for long-lasting playtime
• Powerful bass-enhanced stereo sound with BassUp technology

Cons

• Plastic build may feel less premium compared to metal-bodied speakers

The Anker Soundcore 2 offers remarkable sound quality and resilience in a compact form. Its combination of waterproof protection, long battery life, and enhanced bass makes it a strong choice among small Bluetooth speakers. For those valuing portability and durability without compromising audio performance, this speaker delivers consistent satisfaction.

For those valuing portability and durability without compromising audio performance, this speaker delivers consistent satisfaction.

2. Sony SRS-XB100 Wireless Bluetooth Portable Lightweight Speaker, Black

Experience exceptional sound quality wherever you go with the Sony SRS-XB100. This wireless Bluetooth speaker delivers powerful, clear audio with deep bass, packed into a compact, lightweight design.

Its robust features make it a great travel companion for any environment.

Boasting an IP67 waterproof and dustproof rating, it withstands your poolside sessions and outdoor adventures with ease. A versatile strap lets you carry it effortlessly, while a stereo pair function enhances your audio experience.

The Sony SRS-XB100 provides impressive sound output for its size, thanks to an advanced driver that enriches low-end tones. It quickly fills any space with rich, expansive audio, supported by a sound diffusion processor that improves dispersion.

This speaker is designed for convenience and durability. The IP67 rating combined with a UV coating protects against water, dust, and sunlight, making it ideal for outdoor and indoor use.

Users will appreciate up to 16 hours of battery life with an easy-to-read indicator, ensuring long playtime without frequent charging.

Bluetooth connectivity allows smooth, cable-free streaming from compatible devices. The built-in microphone includes echo cancelling technology for clear, hands-free calls.

Additionally, USB Type-C charging makes powering up simple and quick. The SRS-XB100 is well suited for those who want rugged portability without sacrificing sound quality or functionality.

Pros

• Rich, powerful sound with deep bass despite compact size
• Durable IP67 waterproof and dustproof design with UV coating
• Long-lasting battery life up to 16 hours with easy charging

Cons

• Maximum Bluetooth range limited to around 33 feet

Combining portability, durability, and impressive audio, the Sony SRS-XB100 stands out among small Bluetooth speakers. It suits users needing a reliable, stylish device for both outdoor and everyday listening without compromise.

3. JBL Go 4 – Ultra-Portable, Waterproof and Dustproof Bluetooth Speaker, Big JBL

Compact yet powerful, the JBL Go 4 offers impressive sound quality in a tiny package. Its ultra-portable design and durable build make it perfect for music lovers on the move. With waterproof and dustproof capabilities, this speaker fits seamlessly into any lifestyle.

With waterproof and dustproof capabilities, this speaker fits seamlessly into any lifestyle.

Enjoy rich JBL Pro Sound paired with strong bass that defies its size. Whether you’re at a picnic or hitting the beach, the Go 4 delivers consistent performance without compromise. The playtime and connectivity features add significant convenience for daily use.

The playtime and connectivity features add significant convenience for daily use.

The JBL Go 4 delivers outstanding audio output despite its small frame. It features JBL’s signature Pro Sound with enhanced bass, filling any small gathering with clear, vibrant music. Beyond sound, the speaker boasts an IP67 rating, ensuring resistance to water and dust, making it ideal for outdoor activities and unpredictable environments.

With up to 7 hours of continuous playback, the speaker supports extended usage without frequent charging interruptions. Additional Playtime Boost supplies up to 2 extra hours, perfect for longer adventures. The Auracast feature lets users connect multiple JBL speakers wirelessly, enhancing sound for bigger environments or stereo separation.

The Auracast feature lets users connect multiple JBL speakers wirelessly, enhancing sound for bigger environments or stereo separation.

Constructed with recycled materials and packaged responsibly, the Go 4 combines sustainability with durability. Its lightweight plastic enclosure and integrated loop make carrying or hanging the speaker effortless. Simple push-button controls keep operation straightforward, catering well to casual listeners and outdoor users alike.

Simple push-button controls keep operation straightforward, catering well to casual listeners and outdoor users alike.

Pros

• Compact design with surprisingly powerful JBL Pro Sound
• IP67-rated for full waterproof and dustproof protection
• Wireless multi-speaker connection via Auracast for bigger sound

Cons

• Mono audio output may limit stereo experience with a single unit

Offering exceptional portabilty and robust audio performance, the JBL Go 4 stands out as a reliable companion for outdoor activities. The added features for extended playtime and multi-speaker connectivity enhance its value compared to other small Bluetooth speakers in the market.

4. JBL Go 3 – Portable Mini Bluetooth Speaker, big audio and punchy

Discover the JBL Go 3, a portable mini Bluetooth speaker that delivers impressive sound quality despite its compact size. Designed to fit effortlessly in your daily routine, it blends vibrant style with powerful audio performance.

Its small footprint doesn’t compromise its ability to fill your space with rich, punchy bass and clear tones. Perfect for those who need excellent sound on the go without any hassle.

The JBL Go 3 produces bold JBL Original Pro Sound with surprising depth for its size. It combines a rugged, waterproof design with lively colors and textured fabrics, making it both functional and fashionable.

Wireless Bluetooth streaming allows you to connect easily from any compatible device within a 10-meter range. Its IP67 rating assures protection against water and dust, making it suitable for outdoor adventures, poolside relaxation, or even bathroom playlists. Setup and controls are straightforward thanks to button navigation and a compact build that fits easily in your hand or bag.

Ideal for travelers, commuters, or casual listeners looking for a balance between portability and sound quality, the JBL Go 3 stands out among small speakers. Its durable construction and reliable performance offer great value, making it a smart choice for everyday use and outdoor excursions alike.

Pros

• Compact design with rich, punchy JBL signature sound
• Waterproof and dustproof (IP67) for versatile outdoor use
• Up to 5 hours of wireless Bluetooth playtime on a single charge

Cons

• Limited battery life compared to larger portable speakers

Overall, the JBL Go 3 offers a compelling combination of style, sound, and durability in a highly portable package. It delivers clear, powerful audio suitable for personal use both indoors and outdoors, making it a practical option among compact Bluetooth speakers.

5. Soundcore Select 4 Go Bluetooth Shower Speaker by Anker, IP67

Experience music anywhere with the Soundcore Select 4 Go Bluetooth Shower Speaker by Anker. Its compact size and durable design make it perfect for outdoor fun or daily routines where water exposure is expected.

Designed for versatility, it combines portability with robust performance. The floatable and waterproof build offers protection against water depths up to 3 feet for 30 minutes.

Enjoy uninterrupted music for up to 20 hours on a single charge, supporting any activity from showering to camping excursions.

The Soundcore Select 4 Go delivers clear, punchy sound from its 5W speaker, defying its small frame. Its built-in loop and lightweight structure ensure easy carrying and mounting wherever you go. True Wireless Stereo pairing allows two units to sync for immersive, stereo-quality sound.

Simple button controls make music management hassle-free, with Bluetooth connectivity reaching up to 30 meters. Constructed from durable PC+ABS materials, this speaker meets the IP67 standard for dust and water resistance.

It fits various uses, including showers, outdoor adventures, or casual travel, making it a reliable choice for those who need portable, waterproof audio on the move.

Pros

• IP67 waterproof and dustproof rating with floating capability
• Up to 20 hours of continuous playback on one charge
• Supports True Wireless Stereo pairing for enhanced sound experience

Cons

• Mono audio output may not satisfy users seeking full stereo sound from a single unit

Overall, the Soundcore Select 4 Go blends portability, durability, and solid audio performance in a compact form. It suits anyone wanting reliable waterproof sound for daily use or active outdoor lifestyles. This speaker stands out by offering an excellent balance of features at a user-friendly scale.

6. JBL FLIP 5, Waterproof Portable Bluetooth Speaker, Black, Small

Experience powerful sound in a compact design with the JBL FLIP 5 Bluetooth speaker. Its sleek black finish and portability make it ideal for music lovers on the move. Whether indoors or outdoors, enjoy clear, robust audio anytime, anywhere.

Built to withstand water exposure with an IPX7 rating, this speaker offers peace of mind by the pool or at the beach. Long-lasting battery life supports up to 12 hours of continuous play, keeping the party going all day. Connect effortlessly using wireless Bluetooth streaming for a hassle-free setup.

Connect effortlessly using wireless Bluetooth streaming for a hassle-free setup.

The JBL FLIP 5 delivers premium sound quality with its stereo audio output and 10-centimeter woofer diameter. Its durable plastic enclosure ensures reliability in various environments, including dusty or wet conditions.

The speaker’s tabletop mount lets you place it securely wherever you choose.

Pair multiple JBL FLIP 5 speakers with PartyBoost to amplify sound and enhance your listening experience at gatherings. The control buttons provide intuitive operation, allowing easy adjustment of volume and playback.

With a Bluetooth range of up to 33 feet, the speaker offers flexibility in music placement.

Its compact 16-centimeter size and lightweight design make it an excellent choice for personal use, outdoor parties, or casual beach activities. The rechargeable battery allows extended use without frequent charging, delivering excellent value for those seeking versatile and portable audio solutions.

Pros

• Waterproof IPX7 rating suitable for wet environments
• Up to 12 hours of battery life for extended playtime
• Supports multiple speaker pairing with PartyBoost feature

Cons

• Charging port lacks a cover, which may affect durability in harsh conditions

The JBL FLIP 5 Bluetooth speaker stands out for its blend of durability, sound quality, and portability. It fits nicely among small Bluetooth speakers with added waterproof protection and party-boosting capabilities. This speaker is a solid option for anyone seeking resilient and enjoyable outdoor audio performance.

7. JBL Go 5 Portable Bluetooth Speaker, Waterproof and Dustproof – Black

Experience powerful sound packed into a compact design with the JBL Go 5 Portable Bluetooth Speaker. Its palm-sized build delivers rich bass and crisp audio clarity that outperforms its small stature effortlessly.

Whether indoors or outdoors, this speaker brings vibrant music wherever you go.

Beyond sound, the JBL Go 5 adds a visual element with ambient edge lighting. Customize the soft glow to match your mood while receiving clear notifications for power, pairing, and battery status.

This unique feature elevates your listening experience both day and night.

The JBL Go 5 redefines portability with an IP68 waterproof and dustproof rating. Take it to the beach, pool, or hiking trails without worry about rain or dust interference. Its durable build can handle accidental drops, making it ideal for active lifestyles.

Its durable build can handle accidental drops, making it ideal for active lifestyles.

Inside this compact speaker lies an impressive 10-hour battery life. The Playtime Boost feature extends usage, ensuring continuous entertainment from morning routines to evening relaxation.

Controls are user-friendly, accessible via touch or the companion app, adding convenience without complexity. The speaker’s Hi-Res Audio capability brings detailed sound quality suitable for casual listeners and those who appreciate good audio fidelity. Overall, this black portable speaker suits anyone needing lightweight, durable, and immersive sound on the go.

Pros

• Compact size with surprisingly powerful JBL sound
• IP68 waterproof and dustproof for all environments
• Easy stereo pairing and customizable ambient lighting

Cons

• Battery life could be longer for extended outdoor use

Combining portability, durability, and excellent audio performance, the JBL Go 5 stands out as a versatile choice in the small Bluetooth speaker category. Its extra features like ambient lighting and simple stereo pairing help it compete strongly with similar models, offering great value for everyday use.

8. JBL Clip 5 – Ultra-Portable, Waterproof & Dustproof Bluetooth Speaker, Big JBL

Compact yet powerful, the JBL Clip 5 Bluetooth speaker redefines portable audio with its impressive sound quality and rugged design. It fits effortlessly into your everyday adventures and keeps the music going wherever you are.

Designed to be ultra-portable, this speaker combines convenience with durability, making it a reliable companion for outdoor fun, travel, or daily use. Its versatile features cater to those who value both sound performance and practical functionality.

Delivering bold JBL Pro Sound with deep bass, the Clip 5 surprises with audio that outperforms its small size. The integrated redesigned carabiner simplifies attachment to backpacks, belts, or bags, keeping your music accessible on the move.

Waterproof and dustproof with an IP67 rating, the speaker withstands splashes and dirt without compromising performance. Battery life extends up to 12 hours, and with the Playtime Boost feature, you get an additional 3 hours when needed.

Its touch control offers ease of use, making navigation quick and intuitive. Ideal for party lovers, travelers, and outdoor adventurers, this speaker balances exceptional sound quality, portability, and sturdy construction, delivering excellent value for anyone wanting reliable wireless audio on the go.

Pros

• Robust JBL Pro Sound with clear bass in a compact design
• IP67 waterproof and dustproof for versatile outdoor use
• Convenient redesigned carabiner for easy portability

Cons

• Limited speaker size might not satisfy users needing very high volume

The JBL Clip 5 combines portability, durability, and rich sound quality into a sleek package. For those seeking a compact Bluetooth speaker that fits seamlessly into active lifestyles, it offers a compelling option that rarely compromises on performance or convenience.

9. Beats Pill – Portable Bluetooth Speaker- Up to 24H Battery Life, Water

Experience robust, room-filling sound from the compact Beats Pill portable Bluetooth speaker. Designed for all-day enjoyment, it balances powerful performance with convenience in a sleek, durable package.

Its standout features include deep, rich bass and crystal-clear highs, making every track sound exceptional. Ideal for personal use or small gatherings, it’s built to move with you effortlessly.

The Beats Pill speaker offers a uniquely powerful listening experience thanks to its custom racetrack woofer that pushes 90% more air. This results in punchier bass and fuller sound in a compact frame. It supports up to 24 hours of continuous playback, ensuring long-lasting enjoyment without frequent charging breaks.

It supports up to 24 hours of continuous playback, ensuring long-lasting enjoyment without frequent charging breaks.

Its IP67 rating guarantees dust and water resistance, so the speaker remains reliable in outdoor or travel settings. The soft-grip silicone backing and removable lanyard add portability and ease of handling wherever you go.

Compatibility is broad, working smoothly with Apple and Android devices and enabling instant pairing including features like Find My Device. Two speakers can be paired for a richer output in Amplify or Stereo modes. Additionally, it supports high-resolution lossless audio over USB-C and lets you take calls or activate voice assistants directly.

Additionally, it supports high-resolution lossless audio over USB-C and lets you take calls or activate voice assistants directly. This device blends impressive sound, smart features, and durability in a convenient size suited for daily music enjoyment.

Pros

• Up to 24 hours of battery life for uninterrupted playback.
• IP67-rated dust and water resistance for enhanced durability.
• Easy pairing with Apple and Android devices plus dual speaker Amplify mode.

Cons

• Weight is very lightweight; may feel less substantial to some users.

Combining a robust sound profile with portable, water-resistant design, the Beats Pill delivers solid value. It stands out against similarly sized speakers by offering longer battery life and advanced pairing options, making it a reliable choice for versatile daily use.

10. Portable Bluetooth Speaker Gift Ideas: Outdoor Travel Essentials Waterproof

The Portable Bluetooth Speaker Gift Ideas model blends compact design with powerful sound, making it an ideal choice for active lifestyles. Its space-saving dimensions and lightweight build allow for effortless portability, fitting easily into backpacks or travel bags.

Whether at home or outdoors, enjoy crisp audio that fills any room or setting.

With IPX5 waterproof protection, this speaker stands up to splashes and light rain, allowing safe use at the beach, pool, or campsite. Dynamic LED lights add lively effects that enhance parties and everyday listening.

Designed with precision, the speaker measures just under 3 inches wide and delivers an impressive 20W peak power output. Its 15W continuous sound ensures a balanced listening experience with clear highs and punchy bass.

IPX5 waterproof certification means it handles wet conditions comfortably, suitable for outdoor use during rainy weather or casual water exposure. The integrated lanyard offers convenience for hanging or carrying during travel, hiking, or biking.

Bluetooth 3 technology provides a swift and stable connection up to 100 feet. True Wireless Stereo (TWS) pairing allows linking two speakers to create a richer stereo effect with 30W total output. This makes it a great option for social gatherings or sharing music in larger spaces.

Operating with simple push-button controls and a built-in microphone, the speaker supports hands-free calls and easy music management. With up to 15 hours of playback, it performs reliably throughout the day.

This speaker fits well for music lovers seeking portability, durability, and effective sound on the go.

Pros

• Compact and lightweight for easy portability
• IPX5 waterproof rating suitable for outdoor use
• Bluetooth 5.3 with TWS pairing for enhanced stereo sound

Cons

• Mono audio output instead of full stereo from a single unit

This speaker combines portability with solid audio quality and durability, making it a reliable companion for various environments. Its waterproof design, extended battery life, and wireless features provide excellent value in a compact package.

Perfect for anyone needing a dependable audio solution on the move.

Things to Consider Before Buying the Best Small Bluetooth Speaker

Sound Quality and Performance

Audio clarity and bass strength. Speaker drivers and output power. Volume levels and distortion at high volumes.

Audio clarity and bass strength often shape the overall listening experience by defining how crisp the sound is and how well low frequencies are reproduced, especially important for enjoying music across different genres. The quality of speaker drivers and their output power play a significant role in delivering rich and balanced sound; larger or more advanced drivers typically enable better sound projection and depth.

Balancing these factors results in a device that offers enjoyable sound performance whether used casually or in more demanding situations.

Battery Life and Charging

Playback time on a single charge. Charging methods and time required. Battery capacity and longevity.

Playback time on a single charge varies among the small bluetooth speakers available, typically ranging from a few hours to over a day of continuous use, depending on the speaker’s design and battery capacity. Some models utilize rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that offer extended longevity and consistent performance over time, helping users enjoy music or podcasts without frequent interruptions.

The time required to fully recharge a speaker can vary from less than an hour for quick-charge variants to several hours for standard models, affecting how soon the speaker can be used again after depletion. Battery capacity often influences how long the device lasts during use and its overall lifespan, with larger capacities generally supporting longer playback but potentially adding to the speaker’s size and weight.

Portability and Design

Size and weight considerations. Build quality and materials used. Design features like straps, clips, or water resistance.

Compact size and light weight are key factors that make these speakers easy to carry around and fit comfortably in bags or pockets. The build quality often involves durable materials such as silicone, rubber, or reinforced plastics that can withstand daily use and occasional bumps.

Additionally, water-resistant features provide an extra layer of protection against spills, rain, or outdoor moisture, enhancing usability in various environments. Together, these aspects contribute to a convenient and versatile experience, whether used at home, during travel, or outdoor activities.

Connectivity and Compatibility

Bluetooth version and range. Multidevice pairing capabilities. Additional input options (AUX, USB, NFC).

Connectivity and compatibility play a significant role in determining the convenience and ease of use for a small Bluetooth speaker. The Bluetooth version affects both the quality and stability of the wireless connection, with newer versions offering improved range and data transfer rates. A speaker supporting Bluetooth 0 or higher can provide a more reliable connection and greater distance between the device and the speaker.

Multidevice pairing capabilities add versatility by allowing the speaker to connect to multiple devices either at once or sequentially, which is handy for sharing audio across phones, tablets, or laptops without constant reconnection. Beyond Bluetooth, additional input options like AUX ports, USB connectivity, or NFC support expand the range of compatible audio sources, ensuring that the speaker can adapt to different devices and user preferences.

These features enhance usability in various settings, whether at home, outdoors, or on the go, making the speaker a flexible and user-friendly choice.

Durability and Water Resistance

IP ratings and waterproof features. Shockproof and dustproof attributes. Suitability for outdoor or rugged use.

A reliable small Bluetooth speaker often includes an IP rating that indicates its resistance to water and dust, making it suitable for various environments. Models with waterproof qualities can handle splashes from pools or unexpected rain, which adds flexibility for outdoor use. Shockproof designs offer protection against accidental drops or impacts, allowing the speaker to endure rugged conditions without damage.

Dustproof features help maintain performance and longevity, especially when used in sandy or dusty locations. These characteristics collectively contribute to a speaker’s suitability for activities like hiking, beach outings, or casual outdoor gatherings, where exposure to the elements is common.

Choosing a device with these protective attributes ensures the speaker remains functional and durable across different scenarios without sacrificing sound quality or portability.

Additional Features and Price

Builtin microphone and speakerphone functions. App support and customization options. Price range and value for money.

Many small Bluetooth speakers come equipped with a built-in microphone that supports hands-free calls and speakerphone functions, making them versatile for both music and communication. Some models offer app support, allowing users to customize sound profiles, update firmware, and access additional settings to enhance their listening experience. The price of these devices varies widely depending on brand, design, and features, with options available for different budgets.

Finding a balance between price and value often means considering how much weight is placed on portability, sound quality, and extra functionality like waterproofing or battery life.

FAQ’s

What Are The Top Features To Look For In The Best Small Bluetooth Speaker?

The best small Bluetooth speaker should offer clear, balanced sound with strong bass despite its size, along with long battery life for extended use. Additionally, features like water resistance, durable build quality, and easy connectivity enhance its versatility and convenience.

Which Small Bluetooth Speakers Offer The Best Sound Quality?

The Bose SoundLink Micro and JBL Flip 6 are widely regarded as small Bluetooth speakers that offer excellent sound quality, delivering clear, balanced audio with strong bass for their size. Both are portable, durable, and provide impressive performance despite their compact design.

How Long Does The Battery Of The Best Small Bluetooth Speakers Typically Last?

The battery of the best small Bluetooth speakers typically lasts between 8 to 12 hours on a full charge. Some high-end models can even provide up to 20 hours of playback.

Are There Any Waterproof Small Bluetooth Speakers Suitable For Outdoor Use?

Yes, there are several waterproof small Bluetooth speakers designed for outdoor use, such as the JBL Clip 4 and Ultimate Ears WONDERBOOM 3. These speakers offer durable, water-resistant designs and excellent sound quality, making them perfect for outdoor activities.

What Is The Average Price Range For A High-Quality Small Bluetooth Speaker?

The average price range for a high-quality small Bluetooth speaker is typically between $50 and $150. Prices vary based on brand, sound quality, battery life, and additional features.

Conclusion

Choosing the best small Bluetooth speaker involves balancing portability, sound quality, and battery life. While compact speakers offer convenience and ease of use, some may lack the powerful bass or extended playtime found in larger models.

Potential buyers concerned about durability or connectivity should review product specifications and user feedback carefully. Overall, the best small Bluetooth speaker provides a solid combination of sound performance and convenience without overwhelming size.

Evaluating personal needs will guide you toward a choice that delivers satisfactory audio experiences without sacrificing portability.